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Leonurus spp. - Marihuanilla |
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Shaman Australis Botanicals (Leonurus sibiricus, L.cardiaca - Marihuanilla)
Leonurus
sibiricus, L.cardiaca
Marihuanilla
Botanical information
Leonurus sibiricus: A tall annual herb/shrub, it grows to a height
of 1.5m with a spread of 1m. The stem is erect, with upward branches; the leaves
are dull green, 10cm long, round and 3 to 7 lobed; the flowers are pink, short
tubular, sessile and arranged in terminal spikes. Please note, that C. Raetsch
has in his excellent "Encyclopedia of psychoactive plants" mistakenly
identified the picture of Leonurus cardiaca as being Leonorus sibiricus.
A native of South Africa, marihuanilla prefers light to medium, well drained
soils in an open, sunny position, and is drought resistant, but frost tender.
Propagation is by seed or cuttings taken in spring. Seed should be sown into
very well draining seeding mix and watered sparingly throughout the seedling
development. Plants are heavy feeders and will grow very quickly in the right
conditions. Very hardy.
Leonurus cardiaca: A tall annual herb/shrub, it grows to a height of
1.5m with a spread of 0.5m. The stem is erect, with upward branches; the leaves
are dull green, 7cm long, ovate, 3 to 5 lobed and toothed; the flowers are pink
to whitish on the outside, while pink to purplish on the inside, short tubular,
sessile and arranged in successive whorls up the stem. Leonurus cardiaca is
very similar in both growth habit and leaf shape to Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort)
and can easily be confused with it unless they are flowering.
A native of South Africa, motherwort prefers light to medium, welldrained soils
in an open, sunny position, and is drought and frost tender.
Propagation is by seed or cuttings taken in spring. Seed should be sown into
very well draining seeding mix and watered sparingly throughout the seedling
development. Plants are heavy feeders and will grow very quickly in the right
conditions. Very hardy.
Traditional uses
Most species of Leonurus have some traditional use as calming or sedating tea
herbs. Leonurus sibiricus and L.cardiaca have very similar activity and are
often used interchangably either by intentional or accidental substitution.
No sideeffects or contraindications are known for either species, however they
should be avoided by pregnant women due to the effects on the uterus
Leonurus sibiricus: In chinese medicine the whole plant is utilised for
the relief of menstrual pain and excessive menstrual bleeding. Similarly, in
Mexico a tea made of the leaves is used to initiate menstruation. Leonurus sibiricus
also has been used as a smoking herb. The herb and flowers are dried and either
used as a smoking herb or extracted to make a resin which can be smoked. The
effects are often said to be somewhat comparable to mild cannabis smoke.
Leonurus cardiaca:
In modern herbalism it is used to reduce bloodpressure and calm the nerves as
well as for the relief of menstrual pain and excessive menstrual bleeding. In
europe in the middle ages the herb was used to calm the nerves in cases of hysteria
or worry. The tincture is also used to relieve rheumatism.
Pharmacology
Leonurus sibiricus: Several alkaloids and diterpenes have been extracted
in minute quantities from the herb tops of Leonurus sibiricus. While it was
previously assumed that the alkaloid leonurine was solely responsible for the
physical effects of Leonurus sibiricus, it is now more likely that at least
part of the effect is due to any or all of the diterpenes leosibiricine, leosiberine
and isoleosiberine. Diterpenes are common in the labiatae family and are responsible
for the psychoactive effect of Salvia divinorum and other salvias.
Leonurus cardiaca: Constituents include the alkaloids stachydrine, betonicine,
turicin, leonurine, leonuridin, and leonurinine, as well as the flavonoids apigenin-glycoside,
kaempferol, and quercetin. Furthermore the iridoids ajugol, ajugoside, galiridoside,
and leonurid, and the terpene/oids ursolic acid, leocardin, a diterpene lactone
similar to marrubiin, and the phenolic glycoside caffeic acid 4-rutinoside.
The alkaloid leonurine was found to be uterotonic while the alkaloid stachydrine
may promote the release of oxytocin. Their activity explains much of the traditional
use for menstrual complaints. Leonurine has been shown to have nervous depressant
and hypotensive activity which explains the herb's relaxing and calming effect.
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Leonurus sibiricus
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Leonurus sibiricus
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Leonurus cardiaca
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Leonurus cardiaca
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